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Category (Not used in current version!)
The HDV category is needed
in Declaration Mode to assign the correct driving cycles. Available
categories:
- Rigid Truck
- Tractor
- City Bus
- Interurban Bus
- Coach
Axle
Configuration (Not used in current version!)
The Axle Configuration is
needed in Declaration Mode to assign the correct driving
cycles. Available configurations:
- 4x2
- 4x4
- 6x2
- 6x4
- 6x6
- 8x2
- 8x4
- 8x6
- 8x8
HDV
Class (Not used in current version!)
Displayes the
automatically selected HDV Class depending on Category, Axle
Configuration and GVW.
Weight
/ Loading [kg]
These fields define the
weight and loading of the vehicle. Max.
Loading displayes the maximum possible loading for the
selected vehicle depending on curb weight and GVW values. Note: VECTO uses the sum of Curb
Weight Vehicle,
Curb
Weight Extra Trailer/Body and Loading for calculation!
Air
Resistance
The product of
Drag Coefficient
[-],
Cross Sectional Area
[m
2] and
Air
Density [kg/m
3]
(see
Settings) together with the air speed (relative to the
vehicle) defines the Air Resistance. Note that the Drag Coefficient may
be altered when using
Cross
Wind Correction (see below).
Axles
/ Wheels
Use the

and

buttons to add or
remove axles form the vehicle. Doubleclick entries to edit existing
axle configurations.
Rolling Resistance
Coefficients (RRC
ISO) are configured per axle.
Relative axle load [-]
is used to weighten each RRC
ISO value. RRC
ISO is normalized (Resistance Force
[N] / (m [kg] * g [m/sē]) with m being the sum of Curb Weight Vehicle,
Curb Weight Extra Trailer/Body and Loading).
The total RRC value depends on the vehicle loading and is calculated using the following formula:

with:
RRC | [-] | ...Total rolling resistance coefficient used for calculation | [calculated] |
s(i) | [-] | ...Relative axle load | [user input] |
RRCISO(i) | [-] | ...Tyre RRC according to ISO 28580 | [user input] |
m | [N] | ...Vehicle mass plus loading (see Weight / Loading) | [calculated] |
g | [m/sē] | ...Earth gravity acceleration (constant = 9.81) | [constant model parameter] |
w(i) | [-] | ...Number of tyres (4 if Twin Tyres, else 2) | [user input] |
FzISO(i) | [N] | ...Tyre test load according to ISO 28580 (85% of max. load capacity) | [user input] |
β | [-] | ...Constant parameter = 0.9 | [constant model parameter] |
For each axle the parameters
Relative axle load,
RRCISO and
FzISO have to be defined. Axles with twin tyres have to be marked using the respective checkbox.
Wheels
Inertia
[kgm
2]
Rotational inertia of all
wheels combined.
Wheel
Diameter (dyn) [m]
Effective (dynamic) wheel
diameter used to calculate engine speed.
Cross
Wind Correction
Three different options
are available:
- No Correction
- Speed dependent
- Vair & Beta Input
Speed dependent
correction:
This
mode requires an input file which defines the Cd Scaling Factor over
Vehicle Speed (.vcdv). The Scaling Factor is applied on the base Drag
Coefficient (see above) depending on the actual vehicle speed. The
.vcdv file must cover the the full speed range of the vehicle.
.vcdv Format
(comma-separated, dot = decimal-mark):
c Vehicle
Speed |
Cd
Scaling Factor |
c [km/h] |
[-] |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Note: text
lines (header, comments,
etc.) must start
with "c "
Correction via Vair
& Beta:
This
mode requires an input file which defines the Cd Scaling Factor
depending on the Yaw Angle ("Beta", angle between vehicle longitudinal
axis and direction of air velocity relative to the vehicle). Beta
and the air velocity relative to the vehicle must be defined
in the driving cycle
(see below). The valid range for the Wind Angle
(Beta) goes from 0 (headwind) to 180
(tailwind). VECTO assumes symmetrical vehicle shape (sign of beta is ignored).
.vcdb Format
(comma-separated, dot = decimal-mark):
c Yaw Angle (Beta) |
Cd
Scaling Factor |
c [°] |
[-] |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Note: text
lines (header, comments,
etc.) must start
with "c "
The driving cycle must include
input for Air Speed and Yaw Angle, see .vdri format!
Browse
for .vcdv/.vcdb files
Retarder Losses
If available a
Retarder Torque Loss Map can be defined here to consider losses caused by the retarder (even if not actively in use).
Note: Do not use this function if the retarder's losses are already included in the Transmission Loss Maps!Three options are available:
- None
- Primary (before gearbox): The rpm ratio is relative to the
engine speed
- Secondary (after gearbox): The rpm ratio is relative to the
cardan shaft speed
Both, primary and secondary retarders, require an input file defining
the Retarder Loss Torque:
Format
(comma-separated, dot = decimal-mark):
c Retarder Speed |
Loss
Torque |
c [rpm] |
[Nm] |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Note: text
lines (header, comments,
etc.) must start
with "c "
Browse
for Retarder Input Files
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