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Commit cd9bd967 authored by Markus Quaritsch's avatar Markus Quaritsch
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updating user manual (WHR, ESS), some clarifications on ESS and WHR in .vmod and .vsum

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Documentation/User Manual/1-user-interface/G_ENG-Editor.md
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......@@ -54,11 +54,18 @@ The Cold/Hot Emission Balancing Factor is an additional correction factor that i
In engineering a single correction factor for correcting WHTC, Cold/Hot Balancing, ... can be specified.
</div>
###Dual Fuel Engines
If the engine is operated in dual-fuel mode, enabling the checkbox "Dual Fuel Engine" shows an additional tab for providing the fuel type, fuel consumption map, and fuelconsumption correction factors for the second fuel. For dual-fuel engines the result files (.vmod, .vsum, XML reports) contain the fuel consumption for each fuel separately and the total CO2 emissions.
###Waste Heat Recovery
In case the engine is equipped with a waste heat recovery system (WHR) the WHR type can be selected from the drop-down list. For WHR systems that generate mechanlical power no further input is required - the WHR shall be considered in the fuel consumption map already. For WHR systems with electrical power output the generated electrical power needs to be provided in the [Fuel Consumption Map](#fuel-consumption-map-.vmap) of the primary fuel. The final fuel consumption is at the end corrected for the electric energy generated by the WHR system (see [fuel consumption correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-correction))
###Chart Area
The Chart Area shows the fuel consumption map and the selected full load curve.
The Chart Area shows the fuel consumption map and the selected full load curve. The fuel consumption map of the primary fuel is plotted in red and if provided the secondary fuel is plotted in green.
###Controls
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Documentation/User Manual/3-simulation-models/ADAS_EcoRoll.md
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......@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Parameters in [Job File](#job-file):
###Engine Stop/Start
If engine stop/start is enabled in the Vehicle, the engine is turned off during vehicle stops to reduce the fuel consumption. During vehicle stops the energy demand for certain auxiliaires and for starting the engine is accumulated. In a post-processing step the final [fuel consumption is corrected](#engine-stopstart-fuel-consumption-correction) to consider the energy demand for the auxiliaries and engine start.
If engine stop/start is enabled in the Vehicle, the engine is turned off during vehicle stops to reduce the fuel consumption. During vehicle stops the energy demand for certain auxiliaires and for starting the engine is accumulated. In a post-processing step the final [fuel consumption is corrected](#engine-fuel-consumption-correction) to consider the energy demand for the auxiliaries and engine start.
<div class="declaration">
In declaration mode, the engine is switched on after a period of 120 seconds of engine-off.
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Documentation/User Manual/3-simulation-models/Engine_FC_Correction.md
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##Engine Stop/Start Fuel Consumption Correction
##Engine Fuel Consumption Correction
The energy demand of the auxiliaries during engine-off periods as well as for starting the engine is accumulated (see [Engine Stop/Start](#advanced-driver-assistant-systems-eco-roll-engine-stopstart)). The total fuel consumption is corrected in a post-processing step according to the *vehline* approach. Therefore, for every engine operating point with a positive fuel consumption the fuel consumption is plotted over the engine power. The slope (k) of the linear regression of the fuel consumption is used to compute the additional fuel that is needed for the energy demand during engine-off periods and engine starts.
The final fuel consumption is corrected in a post-processing to reflect systems not directly modeled in VECTO (e.g. electric waste heat recovery sysmtes) or to account for systems not active all the time for different reasons (e.g., engine stop-start).
###Engine Stop/Start Correction
As the energy demand of auxiliaries is modeled as an average power demand over the whole simulated cycle, the energy demand certain auxiliaries during engine-off periods needs to be compensated during engine-on periods. This is done using the [Vehicle-Line approach](##vehicle-line-approach). The energy demand of the auxiliaries that shall be active also during engine-off periods as well as the energy demand for starting the engine is accumulated (see [Engine Stop/Start](#advanced-driver-assistant-systems-eco-roll-engine-stopstart)) during the simulation. The final fuel consumption is corrected for this "missing" energy
###Electric Waste Heat Recovery Systems
VECTO currently does not model the vehicle's electric system. The power demand of all electric consumers is calculated to the equivalent mechanical power demand considering the alternator's efficiency. Thus, the electric power of an electric WHR system cannot be considered directly but the final fuel consumption is corrected for the generated electric power. During the cycle the electric power generated by the WHR system is accumulated. This electric energy is converted to the equivalent mechanical energy that the combustion engine "does not need to provide" considering the alternator's efficiency.
###Vehicle-Line Approach
The total fuel consumption is corrected in a post-processing step according to the *vehline* approach. Therefore, for every engine operating point with a positive fuel consumption the fuel consumption is plotted over the engine power. The slope (k) of the linear regression of the fuel consumption is used to compute the additional fuel that is needed for the energy demand during engine-off periods and engine starts.
![](pics/FC_Correction.PNG)
$\Delta FC = k * (E_{aux,ICE,off} + E_{ICE,start})$
$\Delta FC = k * (E_{aux,ICE,off} + E_{ICE,start} - E_{WHR,corr}/\eta_{alternator})$
$FC_{final} = FC_{final,mod} + \Delta FC$
Documentation/User Manual/5-input-and-output-files/VMOD.md
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......@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@ In Vecto 3 the structure of the modal data output has been revised and re-struct
Every line in the .vmod file represents the simulation interval from time - dt/2 to time + dt/2. All values represent the average power/torque/angular velocity during this simulation interval. If a certain power value can be described as function of the vehicle's acceleration the average power is calculated by
$P_{avg} = \frac{1}{simulation interval} \int{P(t) dt}$.
**Note:** Columns for the torque converter operating point represent the torque/angular speed at the end of the simulation interval!
###Quantities:
The following table lists the columns in the .vmod file:
***Quantities:***
**Note:** For dual-fuel vehicles the fuel consumption columns are present for each fuel (e.g., FC-Map_Diesel CI, FC-Map_NG CI).
| **Name** | **Unit** | **Description** |
| ----------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------- |
......@@ -57,8 +61,10 @@ $P_{avg} = \frac{1}{simulation interval} \int{P(t) dt}$.
| P_roll | [kW] | Rolling resistance power loss. |
| P_veh_inertia | [kW] | Power loss due to the vehicle's inertia |
| P_aux_<XXX> | [kW] | Power demand for every individual auxiliary. Only if the run has auxiliaries. |
| P_aux_ESS_mech | [kW] | Power demand for the auxiliaries considered during engine off periods, multiplied by the engine start/stop utility factor. The final fuel consumption (.vsum) is correctedd for this power demand in a [post-processing step](#engine-stopstart-fuel-consumption-correction). |
| P_ice_start | [kW] | Power demand for starting the engine after an engine-off period multiplied by the engine start/stop utility factor. P_ice_start = [E_ice_start](#advanced-driver-assistant-systems-eco-roll-engine-stopstart) / dt. The final fuel consumption (.vmod) is corrected for this power demand in a [post-processing step](#engine-stopstart-fuel-consumption-correction). |
| P_WHR_el | [kW] | Power generated by an electric WHR system, interpolated from WHR map. |
| P_WHR_el_corr | [kW] | Power generated by an electric WHR system after applying |
| P_aux_ESS_mech | [kW] | Power demand of the auxiliaries considered during engine off periods, multiplied by the engine start/stop utility factor. The final fuel consumption (.vsum) is correctedd for this power demand in a [post-processing step](#engine-fuel-consumption-correction). This power demand has no influence on FC-Map. |
| P_ice_start | [kW] | Power demand for starting the engine after an engine-off period multiplied by the engine start/stop utility factor. P_ice_start = [E_ice_start](#advanced-driver-assistant-systems-eco-roll-engine-stopstart) / dt. The final fuel consumption (.vmod) is corrected for this power demand in a [post-processing step](#engine-fuel-consumption-correction). This power demand has no influence on FC-Map. |
| P_PTO_consum | [kW] | Power demand from the PTO consumer. Only if the vehicle has a PTO consumer. |
| P_PTO_transmission| [kW] | Power demand from the PTO transmission. Only if the vehicle has a PTO consumer. |
| AA_NonSmartAlternatorsEfficiency | [Fraction] | Non-Smart Alternators Efficiency, Advance Auxiliaries Module |
......@@ -81,11 +87,11 @@ $P_{avg} = \frac{1}{simulation interval} \int{P(t) dt}$.
| T_TC_in | [Nm] | Torque converter operating point: input torque |
| n_TC_in | [rpm] | Torque converter operating point: input speed |
| FC-Map | [g/h] | Fuel consumption interpolated from FC map. |
| FC-AUXc | [g/h] | Fuel consumption after [Auxiliary-Start/Stop Correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-calculation) (based on FC) |
| FC-WHTCc | [g/h] | Fuel consumption after [WHTC Correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-calculation) (based on FC-AUXc) |
| FC-AAUX | [g/h] | Fuel consumption computed by the AAUX module considering smart auxiliaries |
| FC-ESS | [g/h] | Fuel consumption considering engine stop/start. During engine-on periods equals FC-AAUX, during engine-off periods the fuel consumption for supplying all auxiliaries at idling speed multiplied by (1 - engine stop/start utility factor) - see [Engine Stop/Start](#advanced-driver-assistant-systems-eco-roll-engine-stopstart) |
| FC-Final_mod | [g/h] | Instantaneous final fuel consumption value after all applicable corrections |
| FC-NCVc | [g/h] | Fuel consumption corrected for different NCV values in VECTO and VECTO Engine (FC-NCVc = FC-Map * LowerHeatingValueVectoEngine(fuel) / LowerHeatingValueVecto(fuel) ) |
| FC-WHTCc | [g/h] | Fuel consumption after [WHTC Correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-calculation) (FC-WHTCc = FC-NCVc * WHTCCorrectionFactor(cycle, fuel) ) |
| FC-AAUX | [g/h] | Fuel consumption computed by the AAUX module considering smart auxiliaries. (FC-AAUX = FC-WHTCc if the AAUX model is not used, otherwise the fuel consumption as calculated by the AAUX model) |
| FC-ESS | [g/h] | Fuel consumption considering engine stop/start not always activated. (FC-ESS = FC-AAUX if the engie is on, FC-ESS = FC(P_aux) * (1 - engine stop/start utility factor) if the combustion engine is off - see [Engine Stop/Start](#advanced-driver-assistant-systems-eco-roll-engine-stopstart) |
| FC-Final_mod | [g/h] | Instantaneous final fuel consumption value after all applicable corrections. (FC-Final_mod = FC-ESS) |
P_eng_FCmap = T_eng_fcmap * n_eng_avg
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Documentation/User Manual/5-input-and-output-files/VSUM.md
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##Summary Results (.vsum)
The .vsum file includes total / average results for each calculation run in one execution (ie. click of [START Button](#main-form)). The file is located in the directory of the fist run .vecto file.
***Quantities:***
###Quantities:
**Note:** For dual-fuel vehicles the fuel consumption columns are present for each fuel (e.g., FC-Map_Diesel CI, FC-Map_NG CI).
| Name | Unit | Description |
|-----------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
......@@ -17,12 +19,13 @@ The .vsum file includes total / average results for each calculation run in one
| speed | [km/h] | Average vehicle speed |
| altitudeDelta | [m] | Altitude difference between start and end of cycle |
| FC-Map | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption before all corrections, interpolated from [Fuel Map](#engine-fuel-consumption-calculation), based on torque and engine speed. |
| FC-NCVc | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption after correcting for the [net calorific value](#engine-correction-factors) (Based on FC-Map) |
| FC-WHTCc | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption after [WHTC Correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-calculation) (Based on FC-NCVc) |
| FC-AAUX | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption after Smart Auxiliary Correction (*still in development*) (Based on FC-WHTCc) |
| FC-NCVc | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption after correcting for the [net calorific value](#engine-correction-factors) (Based on FC-Map from .vmod) |
| FC-WHTCc | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption after [WHTC Correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-calculation) (Based on FC-NCVc from .vmod) |
| FC-AAUX | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption after Smart Auxiliary Correction (*still in development*) (Based on FC-WHTCc from .vmod) |
| FC-ESS | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption including fuel consumption during engine-off periods (Based on FC-ESS from .vmod) |
| FC-ESS_Corr | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption including fuel consumption during engine-off periods corrected for energy demand during engine-off periods not accounted (Based on FC-ESS, E_aux_ess_mech, E_ice_start, k_vehline) |
| FC-Final | [g/h], [g/km], [l/100km], [l/100tkm], [l/100m^3km] | Final average fuel consumption after ALL corrections. Value for calculation of CO~2~ value. If Loading = 0[kg] the column [l/100tkm] is left empty. |
| FC-WHR_Corr | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption including fuel consumption deduction due to electric power generated by an electric WHR system (FC-WHR_Corr = FC-ESS - E_WHR_el / eta_alternator * k_vehline)
| FC-ESS_Corr | [g/h], [g/km] | Average fuel consumption including fuel consumption during engine-off periods corrected for energy demand during engine-off periods not accounted (FC-ESS_Corr = FC-WHR_Corr + (E_aux_ess_mech + E_ice_start) * k_vehline) |
| FC-Final | [g/h], [g/km], [l/100km], [l/100tkm], [l/100m^3km] | Final average fuel consumption after ALL corrections (FC-Final = FC-ESS_Corr). Fuel consumption for calculation of CO~2~ value. If Loading = 0[kg] the column [l/100tkm] is left empty. |
| CO2 | [g/km], [g/tkm], [g/m^3km] | Average CO~2~ emissions (based on FC-Final value). Output for [l/100tkm] is empty when Loading = 0[kg]. |
| P_wheel_in_pos | [kW] | Average positive power at the wheels |
| P_fcmap_pos | [kW] | Average positive power at engine (all non-negative values averaged over the whole cycle duration) |
......@@ -39,16 +42,17 @@ The .vsum file includes total / average results for each calculation run in one
| E_angle_loss | [kWh] | Total torque converter energy loss |
| E_axl_loss | [kWh] | Total transmission energy losses at the axlegear |
| E_brake | [kWh] | Total work dissipated in mechanical braking (sum of service brakes, retader and additional engine exhaust brakes) |
| E_vehicle_inertia | [kWh] | Total work of wheels inertia and vehicle mass |
| E_vehicle_inertia | [kWh] | Total work of wheels inertia and vehicle mass |
| E_air | [kWh] | Total work of air resistance |
| E_roll | [kWh] | Total work of rolling resistance |
| E_grad | [kWh] | Total work of gradient resistance |
| E_PTO_CONSUM | [kWh] | Total energy demand of the pto consumer (if a pto consumer was used). |
| E_PTO_TRANSM | [kWh] | Total energy demand of the pto transmission (if a pto transmission was used). |
| E_aux_ess_mech | [kWh] | Total work of auxiliaries during engine stop and thus not considered in FC-Map and FC-AAUX |
| E_ice_start | [kWh] | Total work for starting the combustion engine, not considered in FC-Map and FC-AAUX |
| ice_starts | [-] | Number of times the combustion engine is started |
| k_vehline | [g/kWh] | Slope of the regression line used for the [fuel consumption correction](#engine-stopstart-fuel-consumption-correction) |
| E_WHR_el | [kWh] | Total electric energy generated by an electrical WHR system |
| E_aux_ess_mech | [kWh] | Total work of auxiliaries during engine stop and thus not considered in FC-Map and FC-AAUX. Considered in FC-ESS_Corr via [fuel consumption correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-correction) (Based on P_aux_ESS_mech in .vmod) |
| E_ice_start | [kWh] | Total work for starting the combustion engine, not considered in FC-Map and FC-AAUX. Considered in FC-ESS_Corr via [fuel consumption correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-correction) (Based on P_ice_start in .vmod) |
| ice_starts | [-] | Number of times the combustion engine is started |
| k_vehline | [g/kWh] | Slope of the regression line used for the [fuel consumption correction](#engine-fuel-consumption-correction) |
| a | [m/s^2^] | Average acceleration |
| a_pos | [m/s^2^] | Average acceleration in acceleration phases (a~3s~ \> 0.125 \[m/s^2^\], a~3s~ = 3-seconds-averaged acceleration) |
| a_neg | [m/s^2^] | Average deceleration in deceleration phases (a~3s~ \< 0.125 \[m/s^2^\], a~3s~ = 3-seconds-averaged acceleration) |
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