VDRI.md



Driving Cycles (.vdri)
A Driving Cycle defines the parameters of a simulated route in Vecto. It is either time-based or distance-based and has different fields depending on the driving cycle type.
The basic file format is Vecto-CSV and the file type ending is ".vdri". A Job must have at least one driving cycle (except in Declaration mode, where the driving cycles are predefined).

Driving Cycle Types


Declaration Mode: Target speed, distance-based


Verification Test Mode: Measured driving cycle, time-based


Engineering Mode:

Target speed, distance-based
Measured speed, time-based
Measured speed with gear, time-based
Pwheel (SiCo) Mode, time-based


Engine Only Mode: Engine Only Mode, time-based


Distance-based cycles can be defined in any distance resolution, including variable distance steps.


Time-based cycles can be defined in any time resolution, including variable time steps.


Declaration Mode Cycles
In Declaration Mode driving cycles are automatically chosen depending on vehicle category and cannot be changed by the user. These predefined cycles are of type target-speed, distance-based.

Coach: 275km
Construction: 21km
Heavy Urban: 30km
Inter Urban: 123km
Long Haul: 100km
Municipal Utility: 10km
Regional Delivery: 26km
Sub Urban: 23km
Urban: 40km
Urban Delivery: 28km


Verification Test Cycle
This kind of cycle is used for simulating vehicles defined in declaration mode (xml) on a real driving cycle.
Header: <t>, <v>, <n_eng>,<n_fan>, <Pel_fan>, <tq_wh_left>, <tq_wh_right>, <n_wh_left>, <n_wh_right>, <tq_eng>, <CO>, <NOx>, <PN>, <CO2>, <fc_X>, <gear>, <TC_active>, <THC>, <CH4>, <NMHC>
Bold columns are mandatory. Italic columns are optional. Only the listed columns are allowed (no other columns!).

Units are optional and are enclosed in [square-brackets] after the header-column. Comments may be written with a preceding hash-sign "#".
<n_fan> and <Pel_fan> are mutually exclusive, you can have only one of them in the cycle.


Identifier
Unit
Description


t
[s]
The absolute time. Must always be increasing.


v
[km/h]
The actual velocity of the vehicle. Must be >= 0 km/h.


n_eng
[rpm]
The actual engine speed. Must be >= 0 rpm.


n_fan
[rpm]
The actual engine-fan speed. Must be >= 0 rpm. Mutually exclusive with Pel_fan.


Pel_fan
[W]
Electric cooling fan power. Mutually exclusive with n_fan.


tq_wh_left
[Nm]
The actual torque at the driven wheel (left side)


tq_wh_right
[Nm]
The actual torque at the driven wheel (left side)


n_wh_left
[rpm]
The actual wheel speed of the driven wheel (left side). Must be >= 0 rpm.


n_wh_right
[rpm]
The actual wheel speed of the driven wheel (right side). Must be >= 0 rpm.


tq_eng
[Nm]
Engine torque


CO
[g/s]
CO mass flow


NOx
[g/s]
NOx mass flow


PN
[#/s]
PM number flow


CO2
[g/s]
CO2 mass flow


fc_X
[g/h]
Fuel consumption. “X” shall be the fuel type, e.g. “<fc_Diesel CI>”. For dual-fuel engines a separate column for each fuel shall be provided.


gear
[-]
The actual gear. Mandatory for APT transmissions.


TC_active
[-]
Torque converter active. 0 = not active (locked); 1 = active (unlocked); mandatory for AT transmissions, not relevant for other transmission types.


THC
[g/s]
THC mass flow. Mandatory if CH4 and NMHC are not present.


CH4
[g/s]
CH4 mass flow.


NMHC
[g/s]
NMHC mass flow.


Example:


<t> [s]
<v> [km/h]
<n_eng> [rpm]
<n_fan> [rpm]
<tq_wh_left> [Nm]
<tq_wh_right> [Nm]
<n_wh_left> [rpm]
<n_wh_right> [rpm]
<tq_eng> [Nm]
<CO> [g/s]
<CO2> [g/s]
<NOx> [g/s]
<THC> [g/s]
<PN> [#/s]
<fc_Diesel CI> [g/h]
<gear>


0
0
599.7
727.3
319.1
429.8
0.78
0.78
219
1234
657
243
345
6544
836
3


0.5
0
600.2
727.3
316.7
430.0
0.78
0.78
219
1243
765
233
345
6544
836
3


1
0
600.1
726.9
319.9
430.8
0.78
0.78
220
1211
345
244
344
5555
836
3


1.5
0
599.9
726.6
317.4
431.1
0.78
0.79
220
1222
445
233
455
4565
836
3


2
0
600.1
726.2
319.5
421.7
0.78
0.78
220
1233
678
233
355
6555
836
3


2.5
0
599.7
726
319.0
434.1
0.78
0.78
220
1332
666
244
454
6555
836
3


3
0
600.2
725.4
322.2
428.5
0.78
0.78
220
1223
888
243
544
4565
836
3


3.5
0
599.9
724.7
317.3
430.4
0.78
0.78
222
1144
456
322
345
6565
836
3


4
0
599.5
724.0
320.9
428.0
0.78
0.78
223
1232
788
234
344
4566
836
3


4.5
0
599.9
723.4
187.0
247.6
0.78
0.78
222
1222
566
433
555
4566
836
3


5
0
598.7
722.5
156.9
171.5
0.78
0.78
218
1122
888
222
345
6565
1003.2
3


Engineering Mode: Target-Speed, Distance-Based Cycle
This driving cycle defines the target speed over distance. Vecto tries to achieve and maintain this target speed.
Header: <s>, <v>, <stop>[, <Padd>][, <grad>][, <PTO>][, <vair_res>, <vair_beta>][, <Aux_ID>]
Bold columns are mandatory. Italic columns are optional. Only the listed columns are allowed (no other columns!).

Units are optional and are enclosed in [square-brackets] after the header-column. Comments may be written with a preceding hash-sign "#".
Note: if the cycle starts with a target speed of 0 km/h and the stop-time for the first entry is 0, VECTO sets the stop-time to 1s automatically.


Identifier
Unit
Description


s
[m]
Traveled distance. Must always be increasing.


v
[km/h]
The target vehicle velocity.  Must be >= 0 km/h.


stop
[s]
Stopping Time. Defines the time span the vehicle is standing still (time the vehicle spending in a stop phase). After this time, the vehicle tries to accelerate to <v>. If during a stop phase the PTO cycle is activated, it is recommended to use at least 2 seconds of stop time (which gets split up: first half before the PTO cycle, second half after the PTO cycle).


Padd
[kW]
Additional auxiliary power demand. This power demand will be directly added to the engine power in addition to possible other auxiliaries. Must be >= 0 kW.


grad
[%]
The road gradient.


PTO
[0/1]
"0"=disabled, "1"=PTO active during standstill, "2"=PTO active during driving with PTO power from driving cycle, "3"=PTO active during driving, separate time-based PTO cycle. If at a vehicle stop (defined by target velocity=0) "1" is specified, the PTO cycle as specified in the *.vptoc–File is simulated. This is described in the PTO Simulation Model  The PTO activation is added to the simulation time in the middle of the stopping time as defined by the cycle parameter "stop". The PTO Cycle can be specified in the Vehicle Editor. When PTO is activated it is recommended to use at least 2 seconds as stop time.


vair_res
[km/h]
Air speed relative to vehicle for cross wind correction. Only required if Cross Wind Correction is set to Vair & Beta Input.


vair_beta
[°]
Wind Yaw Angle for cross wind correction. Only required if Cross Wind Correction is set to Vair & Beta Input.


Aux_ID
[kW]
Auxiliary Supply Power. Can be defined multiple times with different Identifiers. The supply power input for each auxiliary defined in the .vecto file with the corresponding ID. ID's are not case sensitive and must only contain letters and numbers [a-z,A-Z,0-9]. Must be >= 0 kW.


P_PTO
[kW]
Auxiliary power applied for PTO activation mode 2 (PTO active during drive, PTO demand defined in cycle)


Example:


<s> [m]
<v> [km/h]
<stop> [s]
<grad> [%]
<Padd> [kW]


0
10
10
2.95
1.5


1
20
0
2.97
1.3


2
35
0
3.03
1.3


3
50
0
2.99
1.3


Engineering Mode: Measured-Speed, Time-Based Cycle
This driving cycle defines the actual measured speed over time. Vecto tries to simulate the vehicle model using this speed as the actual vehicle speed.
Due to differences in the real and simulated shift strategies a small difference in speed can occur, but Vecto immediately tries to catch up after the gear is engaged again.
Header: <t>, <v>[, <grad>][, <Padd>][, <vair_res>, <vair_beta>][, <Aux_ID>]
Bold columns are mandatory. Italic columns are optional. Only the listed columns are allowed (no other columns!).

Units are optional and are enclosed in [square-brackets] after the header-column. Comments may be written with a preceding hash-sign "#".


Identifier
Unit
Description


t
[s]
The absolute time. Must always be increasing.


v
[km/h]
The actual velocity of the vehicle. Must be >= 0 km/h.


Padd
[kW]
Additional auxiliary power demand. This power demand will be directly added to the engine power in addition to possible other auxiliaries. Must be >= 0 kW.


grad
[%]
The road gradient.


vair_res
[km/h]
Air speed relative to vehicle for cross wind correction. Only required if Cross Wind Correction is set to Vair & Beta Input.


vair_beta
[°]
Wind Yaw Angle for cross wind correction. Only required if Cross Wind Correction is set to Vair & Beta Input.


Aux_ID
[kW]
Auxiliary Supply Power. Can be defined multiple times with different Identifiers. The supply power input for each auxiliary defined in the .vecto file with the corresponding ID. ID's are not case sensitive and must only contain letters and numbers [a-z,A-Z,0-9]. Must be >= 0 kW.


Example:


<t> [s]
<v> [km/h]
<grad> [%]
<Padd> [kW]


0
0
2.95
1.5


1
0.6
2.97
1.3


2
1.2
3.03
1.3


3
2.4
2.99
1.3


Engineering Mode: Measured-Speed With Gear, Time-Based Cycle
This driving cycle defines the actual measured speed of the vehicle, the gear, and the engine speed over time.
It overrides the shift strategy of Vecto and also directly sets the engine speed.
Header: <t>, <v>, <gear>[, <tc_active>, <grad>][, <Padd>][, <vair_res>, <vair_beta>][, <Aux_ID>]
Bold columns are mandatory. Italic columns are optional. Only the listed columns are allowed (no other columns!).

Units are optional and are enclosed in [square-brackets] after the header-column. Comments may be written with a preceding hash-sign "#".


Identifier
Unit
Description


t
[s]
The absolute time. Must always be increasing.


v
[km/h]
The actual velocity of the vehicle. Must be >= 0 km/h.


gear
[-]
The current gear. Must be >= 0 (0 is neutral).


tc_active
[-]
For AT gearboxes mandatory! Indicate if the torque converter is active or locked. Depending on the gearbox type only allowed for 1st gear or 1st and 2nd gear.


Padd
[kW]
Additional auxiliary power demand. This power demand will be directly added to the engine power in addition to possible other auxiliaries. Must be >= 0 kW.


grad
[%]
The road gradient.


vair_res
[km/h]
Air speed relative to vehicle for cross wind correction. Only required if Cross Wind Correction is set to Vair & Beta Input.


vair_beta
[°]
Wind Yaw Angle for cross wind correction. Only required if Cross Wind Correction is set to Vair & Beta Input.


Aux_ID
[kW]
Auxiliary Supply Power. Can be defined multiple times with different Identifiers. The supply power input for each auxiliary defined in the .vecto file with the corresponding ID. ID's are not case sensitive and must only contain letters and numbers [a-z,A-Z,0-9]. Must be >= 0 kW.


Example:


<t> [s]
<v> [km/h]
<gear> [-]
<grad> [%]
<Padd> [kW]


0
0
0
2.95
1.5


1
0.6
3
2.97
1.3


2
1.2
3
3.03
1.3


3
2.4
3
2.99
1.3


Engineering Mode: Pwheel (SiCo), Time-Based
This driving cycle defines the power measured at the wheels over time. Vecto tries to simulate the vehicle with this power requirement.
Header: <t>, <Pwheel>, <gear>, <n>[, <Padd>]
Bold columns are mandatory. Italic columns are optional. Only the listed columns are allowed (no other columns!).

Units are optional and are enclosed in [square-brackets] after the header-column. Comments may be written with a preceding hash-sign "#".


Identifier
Unit
Quantity                                                    Description


t
[s]
The absolute time. Must always be increasing.


Pwheel
[kW]
Power at the wheels.


gear
[-]
The current gear. Must be >= 0 (0 is neutral).


n
[rpm]
The actual engine speed. Must be >= 0 rpm.


Padd
[kW]
Additional auxiliary power demand. This power demand will be directly added to the engine power. Must be >= 0 kW.


Example:


<t> [s]
<Pwheel> [kW]
<gear> [-]
<n> [rpm]
<Padd> [kW]


0
0
0
600
1.5


1
4.003
3
950
1.3


2
15.333
3
1200
1.3


3
50.56
3
1400
1.3


Engine Only Mode: Engine Only Driving Cycle
This driving cycle directly defines the engine's power or torque at the output shaft over time. Vecto adds the engine's inertia to the given power demand and simulates the engine.
Header: <t>, <n>, (<Pe>|<Me>)[, <Padd>]
Bold columns are mandatory. Italic columns are optional. Only the listed columns are allowed (no other columns!).

Units are optional and are enclosed in [square-brackets] after the header-column. Comments may be written with a preceding hash-sign "#".


Identifier
Unit
Description


t
[s]
The absolute time. Must always be increasing.


n
[rpm]
The actual engine speed. Must be >= 0 rpm.


Pe
[kW]
The power at the output shaft of the engine. Either <Pe> or <Me> must be defined.


Me
[Nm]
The torque at the output shaft of the engine. Either <Pe> or <Me> must be defined.


Padd
[kW]
Additional auxiliary power demand. This power demand will be directly added to the engine power. Must be >= 0 kW.


Example:


<t> [s]
<n> [rpm]
<Pe> [kW]
<Padd> [kW]


0
600
0
1.5


1
950
25.3
1.3


2
1200
65.344
1.3


3
1400
110.1
1.3