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Commit 0496b443 authored by Markus Quaritsch's avatar Markus Quaritsch
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adding at model for user manual

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......@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Transmission Type
: Note: The types AT and Custom are not available in [Declaration Mode](#declaration-mode).
For more details on the automatic transmission please see the [AT-Model](#AT-model)
For more details on the automatic transmission please see the [AT-Model](#at-gearbox-model)
Inertia \[kgm²\]
: Rotational inertia of the gearbox (constant for all gears). (Engineering mode only)
......@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Inertia \[kgm²\]
(Gearbox-side inertia is not considered in VECTO.)
Torque converter shift polygon
: Defines the [Shift Polygons InputFile (.vgbs)](#shift-polygons-input-file-.vgbs) separately for the torque converter. For details on shifting from/to the torque converter gear please see [AT Gear Shift Strategy](#at-gear-shift-strategy).
: Defines the [Shift Polygons InputFile (.vgbs)](#shift-polygons-input-file-.vgbs) separately for the torque converter. For details on shifting from/to the torque converter gear please see [AT Gear Shift Strategy](#gear-shift-rules-for-at-gearbox).
###Chart Area
......
##Gear shift rules for AT Gearbox
The gear shift rules for automatic gearboxes differ from AMT and MT.
Gears are shifted sequentially:
- 1C -> 1L -> 2L -> ... (torque converter only in 1st gear)
- 1C -> 2C -> 2L -> ... (torque converter in 1st and 2nd gear)
###Upshift rules
- If engine speed in the next gear (see shift sequence) is above the upshift line AND
- The engine can provide at least the same power as currently required (i.e., can keep the current acceleration)
###Downshift
- If the engien speed falls below engine's idle speed
- Drivetrain in "Neutral" when either
- velocity < 5 km/h
- During deceleration phase when the torque converter is active and the engine speed would fall below idle speed
###Shift parameters
- Min. time between two consecutive gearshifts.
##AT Gearbox Model
Vecto supports both, AT gearboxes with serial torque converter and AT gearboxes with power split. Internally, both gearbox types are simulated using a power train architecture with the torque converter in series.
!(Automatic transmission with torque converter in series)[pics/AT-S.png]
!(Automatic transmission with parallel torque converter)[pics/AT-P.png]
In the input data [Gearbox File](#gearbox-file-.vgbx) **only the mechanical gears need to be specified**. Depending on the gearbox type (AT-S or AT-P) Vecto adds the correct virtual 'torque converter gear'.
For AT gearbox with serial torque converter, the torque converter uses the same ratio and mechanical losses as the first gear (and second, depending on the gear ratios), and adds the torque converter.
For AT gearboxes using power split the torque converter characteristics already takes the transmission ratio and mechanical losses into account. Hence, Vecto sets the ratio for the mechanical gear to 1 without additional losses.
The .vmod file for vehicles with AT gearboxes contains an additional column that indicates if the torque converter is locked or not.
......@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ In Vecto 3.0.2 the structure of the modal data output has been revised and re-st
| acc | [m/s^2] | Vehicle's acceleration, constant during the current simulation interval |
| grad | [%] | Road gradient |
| Gear | [-] | Gear. "0" = clutch opened / neutral |
| TC locked | 0/1 | For AT-Gearboxes: if the torque converter is locked or not |
| n_eng_avg | [1/min] | Average engine speed in the current simulation interval. Used for interpolation of the engine's fuel consumption |
| T_eng_fcmap | [Nm] | Engine torque used for interpolation of the engine's fuel consumption. T_eng_fcmap is the sum of torque demand on the output shaft, torque demand of the auxiliaries, and engine's inertia torque |
| Tq_full | [Nm] | Engine's transient maximum torque (see [transient full load](#engine-transient-full-load)) |
......
......@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@
3-simulation-models/Engine_FC.md
3-simulation-models/Engine_DynamicFullLoad.md
3-simulation-models/Engine_WHTC.md
3-simulation-models/Gearbox_AT.md
3-simulation-models/GearShift.md
3-simulation-models/Gearshift_AT.md
3-simulation-models/TC.md
3-simulation-models/Auxiliaries.md
3-simulation-models/PwheelInput.md
......
......@@ -159,7 +159,9 @@ code > span.in { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } /* Inf
<li><a href="#engine-startstop">Engine Start/Stop</a></li>
<li><a href="#engine-transient-full-load">Engine: Transient Full Load</a></li>
<li><a href="#engine-whtc-correction">Engine: WHTC Correction</a></li>
<li><a href="#at-gearbox-model">AT Gearbox Model</a></li>
<li><a href="#gear-shift-model-mt-amt">Gear Shift Model (MT, AMT)</a></li>
<li><a href="#gear-shift-rules-for-at-gearbox">Gear shift rules for AT Gearbox</a></li>
<li><a href="#torque-converter-model">Torque Converter Model</a></li>
<li><a href="#auxiliaries">Auxiliaries</a></li>
<li><a href="#pwheel-input-sico-mode">P<sub>wheel</sub>-Input (SiCo Mode)</a></li>
......@@ -2327,7 +2329,7 @@ Example: “Gears\Gear1.vtlm” points to the “Gears” subdirectory of the Ge
<dd>Note: The types AT and Custom are not available in <a href="#declaration-mode">Declaration Mode</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
<p>For more details on the automatic transmission please see the <a href="#AT-model">AT-Model</a></p>
<p>For more details on the automatic transmission please see the <a href="#at-gearbox-model">AT-Model</a></p>
<dl>
<dt>Inertia [kgm²]</dt>
<dd>Rotational inertia of the gearbox (constant for all gears). (Engineering mode only)
......@@ -2389,7 +2391,7 @@ Example: “Gears\Gear1.vtlm” points to the “Gears” subdirectory of the Ge
<dd>Rotational inertia of the engine-side part of the torque converter. (Gearbox-side inertia is not considered in VECTO.)
</dd>
<dt>Torque converter shift polygon</dt>
<dd>Defines the <a href="#shift-polygons-input-file-.vgbs">Shift Polygons InputFile (.vgbs)</a> separately for the torque converter. For details on shifting from/to the torque converter gear please see <a href="#at-gear-shift-strategy">AT Gear Shift Strategy</a>.
<dd>Defines the <a href="#shift-polygons-input-file-.vgbs">Shift Polygons InputFile (.vgbs)</a> separately for the torque converter. For details on shifting from/to the torque converter gear please see <a href="#gear-shift-rules-for-at-gearbox">AT Gear Shift Strategy</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
......@@ -2930,6 +2932,16 @@ Example: “Gears\Gear1.vtlm” points to the “Gears” subdirectory of the Ge
<p><span class="math inline">\(FC_{whtc} = FC \cdot CF_{Engineering}\)</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="at-gearbox-model" class="section level2">
<h2>AT Gearbox Model</h2>
<p>Vecto supports both, AT gearboxes with serial torque converter and AT gearboxes with power split. Internally, both gearbox types are simulated using a power train architecture with the torque converter in series.</p>
<p>!(Automatic transmission with torque converter in series)[pics/AT-S.png]</p>
<p>!(Automatic transmission with parallel torque converter)[pics/AT-P.png]</p>
<p>In the input data <a href="#gearbox-file-.vgbx">Gearbox File</a> <strong>only the mechanical gears need to be specified</strong>. Depending on the gearbox type (AT-S or AT-P) Vecto adds the correct virtual ‘torque converter gear’.</p>
<p>For AT gearbox with serial torque converter, the torque converter uses the same ratio and mechanical losses as the first gear (and second, depending on the gear ratios), and adds the torque converter.</p>
<p>For AT gearboxes using power split the torque converter characteristics already takes the transmission ratio and mechanical losses into account. Hence, Vecto sets the ratio for the mechanical gear to 1 without additional losses.</p>
<p>The .vmod file for vehicles with AT gearboxes contains an additional column that indicates if the torque converter is locked or not.</p>
</div>
<div id="gear-shift-model-mt-amt" class="section level2">
<h2>Gear Shift Model (MT, AMT)</h2>
<p>The Gear Shift Model is based on shift curves that define the engine speed for up- and down- shifting as a function of engine torque. As soon as the engine operation point passes one of the shift curves a gear change is initiated.</p>
......@@ -2990,6 +3002,37 @@ Example: “Gears\Gear1.vtlm” points to the “Gears” subdirectory of the Ge
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="gear-shift-rules-for-at-gearbox" class="section level2">
<h2>Gear shift rules for AT Gearbox</h2>
<p>The gear shift rules for automatic gearboxes are different than AMT and MT.</p>
<p>Gears are shifted sequentially:</p>
<ul>
<li>1C -&gt; 1L -&gt; 2L -&gt; … (torque converter only in 1st gear)</li>
<li>1C -&gt; 2C -&gt; 2L -&gt; … (torque converter in 1st and 2nd gear)</li>
</ul>
<div id="upshift-rules" class="section level3">
<h3>Upshift rules</h3>
<ul>
<li>If engine speed in the next gear (see shift sequence) is above the upshift line AND</li>
<li>The engine can provide at least the same power as currently required (i.e., can keep the current acceleration)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="downshift" class="section level3">
<h3>Downshift</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>If the engien speed falls below engine’s idle speed</p></li>
<li>Drivetrain in “Neutral” when either</li>
<li>velocity &lt; 5 km/h</li>
<li><p>During deceleration phase when the torque converter is active and the engine speed would fall below idle speed</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="shift-parameters" class="section level3">
<h3>Shift parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>Min. time between two consecutive gearshifts.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="torque-converter-model" class="section level2">
<h2>Torque Converter Model</h2>
<p>The torque converter is defined as (virtual) separate gear. Independent of the chosen AT gearbox type (serial or power split), Vecto uses a powertrain architecture with a serial torque converter. The mechanical gear ratios and gears with torque converter are created by Vecto depending on the gearbox type and gear configuration.</p>
......@@ -5136,316 +5179,321 @@ CycleTime,UnknownCycleName,3600</code></pre>
<td align="left">Gear. “0” = clutch opened / neutral</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">TC locked</td>
<td align="left">0/1</td>
<td align="left">For AT-Gearboxes: if the torque converter is locked or not</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">n_eng_avg</td>
<td align="left">[1/min]</td>
<td align="left">Average engine speed in the current simulation interval. Used for interpolation of the engine’s fuel consumption</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">T_eng_fcmap</td>
<td align="left">[Nm]</td>
<td align="left">Engine torque used for interpolation of the engine’s fuel consumption. T_eng_fcmap is the sum of torque demand on the output shaft, torque demand of the auxiliaries, and engine’s inertia torque</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">Tq_full</td>
<td align="left">[Nm]</td>
<td align="left">Engine’s transient maximum torque (see <a href="#engine-transient-full-load">transient full load</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">Tq_drag</td>
<td align="left">[Nm]</td>
<td align="left">Engine’s drag torque, interpolated from the full-load curve</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_eng_fcmap</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Total power the engine has to provide, computed from n_eng_avg and T_eng_fcmap</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_eng_full</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Engine’s transient maximum power (see <a href="#engine-transient-full-load">transient full load</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_eng_drag</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Engine’s drag power</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_eng_inertia</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss/gain due to the engine’s inertia</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_eng_out</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power provided at the engine’s output shaft</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_clutch_loss</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss in the clutch due to slipping when driving off</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_clutch_out</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the clutch’s out shaft. P_clutch_out = P_eng_out - P_clutch_loss</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_TC_loss [kW]</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss in the torque converter</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_TC_out [kW]</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the torque converter’s out shaft. P_TC_out = P_eng_out - P_TC_loss</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_aux</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Total power demand from the auxiliaries</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_gbx_in</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the gearbox’ input shaft</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_gbx_loss</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss at the gearbox, interpolated from the loss-map</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_gbx_inertia</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss due to the gearbox’ inertia</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_ret_in</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the retarder’s input shaft. P_ret_in = P_gbx_in - P_gbx_loss - P_gbx_inertia</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_ret_loss</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss at the retarder, interpolated from the loss-map.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_angle_in</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the Anglegear’s input shaft. Empty if no Anglegear is used.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_angle_loss</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss at the Anglegear, interpolated from the loss-map. Empty if no Anglegear is used.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_axle_in</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the axle-gear input shaft. P_axle_in = P_ret_in - P_ret_loss ( - P_angle_loss if an Angulargear is used).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_axle_loss</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss at the axle gear, interpolated from the loss-map.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_angle_in</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the angle-gear input shaft.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_angle_loss</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss at the angle gear, interpolated from the loss-map.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_tc_in</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the torque-converter input shaft.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_tc_loss</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss at the torque-converter.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_brake_in</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the brake input shaft (definition: serially mounted into the drive train between wheels and axle). P_brake_in = P_axle_in - P_axle_loss</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_brake_loss</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss due to braking.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_wheel_in</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power at the driven wheels. P_wheel_in = P_brake_in - P_brake_loss</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_wheel_inertia</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss due to the wheels’ inertia</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_trac</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Vehicle’s traction power. P_trac = P_wheel_in - P_wheel_inertia</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_slope</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss/gain due to the road’s slope</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_air</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss due to air drag.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_roll</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Rolling resistance power loss.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_veh_inertia</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power loss due to the vehicle’s inertia</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_aux_<XXX></td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power demand for every individual auxiliary. Only if the run has auxiliaries.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">P_PTO_consum</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power demand from the PTO consumer. Only if the vehicle has a PTO consumer.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">P_PTO_transmission</td>
<td align="left">[kW]</td>
<td align="left">Power demand from the PTO transmission. Only if the vehicle has a PTO consumer.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">AA_NonSmartAlternatorsEfficiency</td>
<td align="left">[Fraction]</td>
<td align="left">Non-Smart Alternators Efficiency, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">AA_SmartIdleCurrent_Amps</td>
<td align="left">[Amps]</td>
<td align="left">Smart Idle Current in Amps, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">AA_SmartIdleAlternatorsEfficiency</td>
<td align="left">[Fraction]</td>
<td align="left">Smart Idle Alternators Efficiency, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">AA_SmartTractionCurrent_Amps</td>
<td align="left">[Amps]</td>
<td align="left">Smart Traction Current in Amps, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">AA_SmartTractionAlternatorEfficiency</td>
<td align="left">[Fraction]</td>
<td align="left">Smart Traction Alternator Efficiency, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">AA_SmartOverrunCurrent_Amps</td>
<td align="left">[Amps]</td>
<td align="left">Smart Overrun Current in Amps, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">AA_SmartOverrunAlternatorEfficiency</td>
<td align="left">[Fraction]</td>
<td align="left">Smart Overrun Alternator Efficiency, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">AA_CompressorFlowRate_LitrePerSec</td>
<td align="left">[Ni L/S]</td>
<td align="left">Compressor Flow Rate in litres per second, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">AA_OverrunFlag</td>
<td align="left">[Bool [0/1]</td>
<td align="left">Overrun Flag (yes/no), Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">AA_EngineIdleFlag</td>
<td align="left">[Bool [0/1]</td>
<td align="left">Engine Idle Flag (yes/no), Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">AA_CompressorFlag</td>
<td align="left">[Bool [0/1]</td>
<td align="left">Compressor Flag (off/on), Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">AA_TotalCycleFC_Grams</td>
<td align="left">[Grams]</td>
<td align="left">Total Cycle Fuel Consumption in grams, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">AA_TotalCycleFC_Litres</td>
<td align="left">[Litres]</td>
<td align="left">Total Cycle Fuel Consumption in litres, Advance Auxiliaries Module</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">TCnu</td>
<td align="left">[-]</td>
<td align="left">Torque converter operating point: speed ratio</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">TCmu</td>
<td align="left">[-]</td>
<td align="left">Torque converter operating point: torque ratio</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">T_TC_out</td>
<td align="left">[Nm]</td>
<td align="left">Torque converter operating point: output torque</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">n_TC_out</td>
<td align="left">[rpm]</td>
<td align="left">Torque converter operating point: output speed</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">T_TC_in</td>
<td align="left">[Nm]</td>
<td align="left">Torque converter operating point: input torque</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">n_TC_in</td>
<td align="left">[rpm]</td>
<td align="left">Torque converter operating point: input speed</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">FC-Map</td>
<td align="left">[g/h]</td>
<td align="left">Fuel consumption interpolated from FC map.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">FC-AUXc</td>
<td align="left">[g/h]</td>
<td align="left">Fuel consumption after <a href="#fuel-consumption-calculation">Auxiliary-Start/Stop Correction</a> (based on FC)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">FC-WHTCc</td>
<td align="left">[g/h]</td>
<td align="left">Fuel consumption after <a href="#fuel-consumption-calculation">WHTC Correction</a> (based on FC-AUXc)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">FC-AAUX</td>
<td align="left">[g/h]</td>
<td align="left">Fuel consumption computed by the AAUX module considering smart auxiliaries</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">FC-Final</td>
<td align="left">[g/h]</td>
<td align="left">Final fuel consumption value after all applicable corrections</td>
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